Recovery Today

What to Do with Cat Urine Smell

We can certainly keep our minds off things when we have pets. These pets are indeed great stress busters. In addition, these pets are great companions too. So when you feel down and no one is around your pet is always there to give offer you comfort. Pets are very loyal to their owners and also very respectful. If you trained your pet well their obedience will not fail to catch your eye. It is expected that these pets will follow your every command and not only that these pets will also protect you as well.

One type of pet a person really loves is a cat. Other than dogs cats are the second most common household pets. Like any living creature, cats will eat, drink and eventually poop or pee. These are only normal thing which happen in a living creature. However, since theyre not human, cats have a habit of peeing in odd places. Oftentimes these places are hidden and not on plain sight so the only time you get to know your cat has urinated there is when you notice the cat urine smell.

Urine of a cat does not smell good like perfume. Making it go away should be done right away. So if you notice your cat urinating somewhere clean it and use items such as sprays with a good odor to make sure the smell of cat odor does not linger. Find effective ways to combat cat urine smell

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Cleansing the Colon is Detoxifying

Colon cleansing has been used by our ancestors in order to stay healthy. Ancient people have used this technique in order to rid their bodies of toxins, thus keeping them healthy at all times. We have always believed that defecating once or twice a day is already enough to rid our bodies of the toxins we have innocently taken in. However, research has been done to show that this is not enough, this is the reason why cleansing the colon has gained popularity in the modern society.

one perfect way to detoxify is by cleansing the colon. In fact there are various cleansing the colon recipes that are effective in colon cleansing. In addition to that these recipes often use natural products such as herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. The recipes are pretty simple to make that is why you can always make it a ritual you do every single day. As an alternative to using colon cleansing recipes, you can also choose to use home colonic irrigation kits. Using home colonic irrigation kits is like doing colonic hydrotherapy minus the therapist.

Cleansing the colon is one good way to be freed of toxins.

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Always Prepare for Cat Uring with Cat Odor Removal

Depending on their prefence peoples pets may vary. Some people like birds, others like fishes, while some like dogs and some like cats. The most common household pets are cats and dogs this is because you can pet them. Cats and dogs are natural affectionate and teaching them tricks can help you get closer to them. However, cats and dogs urinate and they can urinate anywhere if not trained.

For people who have cats as their pets they will have to continuously deal with cat urine. Yes, the cat urine can become stinky if left alone for long periods of time. If you have an untrained cat that tends to urinate wherever it is best that you clean it immediately. Cat urine is not something you can smile about because when this cat urine soaks your favorite carpet you will certainly have to hold your breath.

Mop the cat urine off the tile floor especially when it is still fresh. However, if it is old and on your favorite carpet then you might have to take your carpet out and have it cleaned or you might have to clean it using a cleaning agent. Get rid of cat urine now.

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Acai Nutrition Your Way to Perfect Health

The acai berry so by far the most popular fruit at present. The fruit never lost its appeal even after it was introduced to the public. It becomes more popular each day since more and more people are taking it.To keep them healthy one can always choose acai nutrition.People take acai berry supplements everyday in order to achieve the so called acai nutrition. These acai berry supplement contains acai berries, it is known to contain a lot of health benefits. Therefore these supplements are also capable of providing the benefits that this fruit can give. Acai nutritionhas truly come a long way.

People with weight problems can certainly benefit from acai nutrition.Helping one to lose weight is a part of acai nutrition this is due to the fact that weight loss can be possible with the help of the acai berry. Therefore people who are overweight can benefit greatly from this acai nutrition. Acai berry supplements can be helpful and beneficial if taken at a regular basis and according to instructions. Despite the fact that the ingredients are natural it is still best that instructions should be followed even when taking acai berry.

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Deciding On Whats the Best Colon Cleanse

It is undeniable that there is an increasing number of colon cleansing products now. There are products that are affordable making them a good use of your hard earned money. The price, brand and ingredient may vary but these products hope to give you one thing and that is to effectively cleanse your colon and hope you live life better, longer. Wherever you go, you will see ads of these products stating that it is the best colon cleanse or that it is guaranteed effective. It would truly be a challenge to choose the best colon cleanse there is.

Just what is the best colon cleanse?Each one of us will have an opinion regarding that question; some might say something that gives out fast results, some might say something that is gentle to the body while others might still reason out that the best colon cleanse is the one that has been used by a lot of people. There will be a lot of answers to that question but there is one thing you should remember: the best colon cleanse systems are not a one stop, quick solution, they require enough time to help the body become healthier.

There the products used in the best colon cleanse systems ought to be natural and should harmoniously coexist with the bodys natural rhythm and it should include supplements that will help cleanse other parts of the body.

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What You Need to Know About Loose Leaf Tea

Tea is a very healthy drink. It has been around for centuries and a lot of people have benefitted from it. Most ancient Chinese gave credit to the Green Tea for helping main their ideal body weight even if they are fond of eating dumplings, which are fattening when eaten in excess. Long and healthy lives are often credited to tea. People drink tea for the same reasons our ancestors have. Drinking tea is said to be helpful in keeping our bodies healthy. In fact it has numerous benefits. Drinking tea helps people maintain a healthy body weight, to improve digestion people drink tea, to have more energy people drink tea and drinking tea at night can help people relax and sleep soundly. The loose leaf tea is another type of tea and that tea is not only made from teabags.

The loose leaf tea is the opposite of the teabag tea. From the term itself it is easy to understand that loose leaf tea is not placed in a teabag or in any type of container. Loose leaf tea are soaked in water as is, unlike those teabags wherein the leaves are crushed. The loose leaf tea has more flavor and taste because the leaves are intact.

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The Positive And Negative Effects Of Weight Loss Diet Pill

Exercise and healthy diet were the only weight loss options before weight loss diet pills were introduced. For years these methods have been very effective and has helped people stay in shape, then came the era of fast food chains and instant meals whose menus are often filled with high calorie foods and foods that are loaded with fats. The existence of fast food chains paved way for problems such as weight gain, overweight and obesity. Fast times certainly took away a lot of luxury including time, now people can barely go to the gym or make home cooked meals. Since weight loss problems seem impossible to solve a lot of these individuals are putting their hopes in the hands of a particular weight loss diet pill.

A weight loss diet pill can aid in weight loss but then again you have to consider that if used the wrong way some untoward effects might take place. Just because its just a weight loss diet pill doesnt mean you should take it carelessly. Weight loss diet pills also contain ingredients that have a particular limit on how much should be taken in. Overdose is also possible with a weight loss diet pill. So, be careful selecting your weight loss diet pill.

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Supporters Are Against the Yanik Silver Scam Claim

Yanik
Silver is not only known for his success in internet marketing but he
is also known for his self-published works. Yanik Silver
is not new to selling products, even when he was still a young he was
already selling items. When he was young he was already selling
medical equipments and to sell this he must have good customer service
as well as adequate knowledge about the product. What he has learned
through this experience he used this to build his own online company. Like any other internet marketers he started
small but his outstanding performance and qualifications has earned him
a spot in the world wide web. Yanik Silvers products like books and
instant sales letters were a hit. More
people are looking for these products since these products are indeed
very helpful. The Yanik Silver Scam came
to life when people that were not pleased shouted foul and went public.

The Yanik
Silver Scam resulted to uproar and varied opinions. People have
different opinions about this latest issue involving Yanik Silver. However, his supporters are saying that
there is no basis to this claim and that this claim is only the result
of some peoples bitterness or those who are envious of Mr. Silvers
success. Proofs were provided by the supporters
of Mr. Silver in order to discredit the Yanik Silver Scam. Hence, the
<a
href=”http://www.undergroundonlineseminar.com/”>Yanik Silver
Scam</a> needs to be re-examined for its veracity.

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Herbs Colon Cleanse the Best Way to Cleanse Your Colon

The changes in the society has also affected our diets. Todays diet is loaded with deep fried and processed foods. The reason why people today barely eat home cooked meals is because they dont have enough time. Not like freshly cooked dishes meals bought in fast food chains lack many of the essential vitamins and nutrients. A certain amount of toxins are found in these foods that can build up in our colon. The build up of toxins and waste products can be prevented through colon cleansing. The safe way to cleanse the colon is through herbs colon cleanse. So, it becomes important for you to always cleanse your body.

In order to cleanse the colon, the herbs colon cleanse uses herbs and colon cleansing recipes . This type of colon cleansing is safe to use since no artificial ingredients are used. Since it is found in your kitchen, local market and even your garden, the herbs colon cleanse is very much affordable. You dont have to worry about spending too much when you use herbs colon cleanse. In addition, this is still as effective as those commercial colon cleansers, thing is this is safer. So, try the herbs colon cleanse now.

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What Is Behind the Quitting Of Perry Belcher

The secret behind the success of Perry Belcher is his unparalled knowledge in internet marketing. He is not only a copywriter but he is also a designer and a mentor as well. After his success Perry Belcher has decided to share his knowledge to people who are also dreaming of making big money without doing a lot of work. There is no denying that the best way to earn big money without having to work too much is through internet marketing. Perry Belcher has mastered this technique: internet marketing. People considered Perry Blecher as their mentor and they look up to him. On the other hand some people still doubt his interest and his company as well.

After being bombarded by criticisms Perry Belcher decided to quit. Spending time with his family is one of his many reasons for quitting. After becoming an internet marketer and trainer he barely had time for his family. Another reason is safety. He said that a group of critics is becoming more vocal and harsh and that he is concerned for his familys safety. Perry Belcher Scam is no more.

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Experience Something New with Natural Colon Cleansing

numerous colon cleansing products are widely retailed on several markets. colon cleansing products often promise to be effective and fast. Unfortunately, fast results are not synonymous with best results. In addition to that some synthetic colon cleansers can cause some mild to serious side effects.

However, the aim of colon cleansing is to aid the body in excreting toxins by forcing the colon the eject all of its contents. If you are the kind of person who wants to do it the natural way, then the process of natural colon cleansing is just right for you.

There are different natural conlon cleansing modalities. A colonic hydrotherapy is one example where in a hydrotherapist injects pressurized water through the rectum while massaging your back and abdomen. The waste products go down through a separate tube. There are a number of herbs and spice retailed in the market, that when brought together often results to a very effective natural colon cleansing recipe.

when natural colon cleansing is employed, you are assured that there will be no side effects because these natural colon cleansers dont have any harsh ingredients in its formula. Natural colon cleansing is natures way of helping your body to detoxify.

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Stay in Shape with Acai Fruit Drink

Are you always sickly? Do you feel tired all the time? Are you gaining weight faster than you expected? If your answer to these questions is a yes, you might want to take some time off and reflect about your health.

Unhealthy diet and a dangerous lifestyle can aid to those situations mentioned above. Being unhealthy is a big obstacle to living life to its full capacity because this will keep you from enjoying life. So if you want to get the best out of life then you should stay healthy andthe best way to stay healthy is making acai fruit drink a part of your daily diet.

The acai fruit drink is made from pure acai berry which has detoxifying and cleansing properties; these will help your body flush out those harmful toxins and even flush out those extra fats.

These antioxidants in the acai fruit drink can buff up you immune system giving you increased immunity against diseases and infection. The acai fruit drink can also keep you energized by unlocking your stored energy, rather than getting an energy drink, why not get acai fruit drink instead. Lastly, since it is loaded with fiber, acai fruit drink can certainly help improve your digestion.

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Yanik Silver Scam Is Not True

Such is the claims of Yanik Silvers
supporters. Ever since
the Yanik Silver Scam went public a lot of people became vocal about
their experiences with Yanik Silver. Some of them
said that the products Yanik Silver is selling are bogus and fake while
there are also those who are saying the opposite. The net is
filled with articles that are either crediting or discrediting Yanik
Silver. However, for people who
truly knew Yanik Silver they will certainly tell you that Yanik Silver
is an honest man and that his products are not bogus or hoaxes. A lot of people have benefited
from the books that he has published.

Some
supporters of Yanik Silver say that the Yanik Silver Scam is merely
propaganda. He was labeled as a scammer and his business a
scam by people who were not satisfied with their products.
There are also those
who believe as well as tried Mr. Silvers products. These people have
provided testimonies on how the products of Mr. Silver helped them and
their business.
These people also considered MR. Silver
as their mentor. So, people should think twice about any claims to a
scam just like the <a
href=”http://www.keywordelite2.net/tag/yanik-silver-scam/”>Yanik
Silver Scam</a>.

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Choosing The Krups Espresso Machine

Before the invention of modern espresso machines espresso has been made in a more traditional way, espresso makers before uses manual force in order to force water through the finely ground coffee beans in order to create espresso. Ever since the first espresso machine was invented its evolution has never ceased in fact even in the 21st centuries manufacturers of espresso machines are still revising their old models and coming up with better ones. Despite several changes the espresso machines are still sticking to the basic principles in making espresso. Krups is one company that is well known for their espresso machines. Truth is krups espresso machine is a must in every household.

A Krups espresso machine can be automatic, semi automatic or super automatic. Using any of these espresso machines will certainly result to you making delicious cups of espresso. this machine is very helpful for people who are always in a hurry since you can make a cup of espresso with just a touch of a button. With a krup espresso machine in your house you no longer have to fall in line at coffee shops just to get your favourite cup of espresso.

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The Power of the Acai Plant

Products that contain acai berries are becoming more and more popular each day. People want to try it out because of its seemingly long list of health benefits. These products go by different names or brands but often times the term acai is included in the brand, this is done to let the consumers know that that particular product contains acai berries.

More and more people are now aware of the health benefits they can get by taking acai products that is why they are wanting for more acai berry products. Though the acai berries tend to take all the benefit but the one that is more deserving of the attention is the acai plant. You have to remember though that without the acai plant there will be no acai berries.

The acai plant is also known as the acai palm. The acai plant is normally found in South America more or less near the Amazon River. The natural niche for the acai plant are swampy areas or grounds. In South America, people dont only eat the acai berries but the acai fruit as well along with palms and even the roots. Now we can conclude that the acai plant is indeed a proven health plant.

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All About The Yanik Silver Scam

The internet is a minefield of opportunities. Opportunities are made available when you surf the net. Indeed, there are a lot of people who already made a lot of money through the internet. In fact some of these individuals make a lot of money, the kind of amount that can rival those who work at big companies or those who are bosses of big companies. However, unlike office work making money through the internet is fairly easy and stress free. To do it you need to have enough knowledge. Doing research before you get started is the best thing to do. The book written by Yanik Silver is one great source. The Yanik Silver Scam is the result of several people doubting the advices provided by Yanik Silver.

Regardless of the Yanik Silver Scam some people still believe Yanik Silver. Proofs about Yanik Silvers integrity have been provided by some of his believers. Yanik Silvers first site which earned him millions was presented as the first proof. One proof is him being a regular guest speaker at internet seminars. So, it the rumor about the Yanik Silver Scam may just be THAT, a rumor.

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Funky Cat Urine Smell

We can certainly keep our minds off things when we have pets. These pets are indeed great stress busters. For great companions you can always rely on pets. So when you feel down and no one is around expect your pet to be there for you and comfort you. These pets are loyal and respectful as well. If you trained your pet well you will certainly notice how obedient they can be. It is expected that these pets will follow your every command and not only that these pets will also protect you as well.

A lot of people really love cats. If a house doesnt have a dog, they would most likely have a cat because its the second most common household pet. Since theyre living creatures, cats do everything a person does such as eating and releasing the waste product. These are only normal thing which happen in a living creature. However, being an animal, cats have tendencies to urinate in very odd locations. Oftentimes these places are hidden and not on plain sight so the only time you get to know your cat has urinated there is when you notice the cat urine smell.

The odor of cat urine is bad and could not even compare to perfume. Making it go away should be done right away. So if you notice your cat urinating somewhere clean it and use items such as sprays with a good odor to make sure the smell of cat odor does not linger. Find effective ways to combat cat urine smell

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Enjoy Life with Acai Berry

The acai berry is evidently not just any a fruit. For years people in the Amazon have used this to keep themselves healthy. In addition, acai berry is very copious in the Amazon; because of this, we often hear of people describing the Amazonians as strong, healthy, energetic and even godlike.

We have always been jealous of their ability to withstand health conditions. What the Amazonians have can be credited to their regular ingestion of this wonderful fruit known as the acai berry. Because of this discovery, the acai berry has become the main component of a lot dietary supplements in the market. More and more people are enjoying the gifts from this wonderful fruit.

If you are wondering why the acai berry is so popular these days, this is because many believe that the acai berry is the secret to good health. Most studies have proven that acai berries are literally loaded with antioxidants, which is twice as much as those that are found in blueberries. These antioxidants are significant in helping our body recover from the damages caused by free radicals as well as protect it from more serious damage. In addition, acai berries are also loaded with essential fatty acids and amino acids, which our body needs in order to function smoothly.

Just like a multivitamin, the acai berry has many benefits.

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How to Avoid Chronic Stress

If stress is not handle at its beginning stages, ultimately it will worsen. A little of stress can be good; this is what we call good stress. However, when stress begins to alter our normal functioning and is beginning to affect our social life then that is something else. Stress that affects your normal functioning will surely give you no benefits at all. Leaving stress alone can turn it into continuing stress over time and chronic stress is a risk factor for most medical conditions. So before you end up with chronic stress you will have to deal with stress at the soonest possible time.

One way of stopping chronic stress is by not covering the symptoms of stress. Most people turn to alcohol, tranquilizers and overeating, thinking that doing these they be able to relieve stress. These activities oftentimes mask the symptoms thats why people tend to think that they have resolved the problem, what they dont know is the stress is still there and by doing nothing it will eventually turn into chronic stress. Another way of preventing chronic stress is undergoing some form of stress reduction or stress relief technique. These programs will certainly help lower the level of stress in your life.

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Readily Available Homemade Colon Cleanse

the world is currently struggling against the economic crisis, it is only natural for you to try save up. However, saving doesnt necessarily mean forgetting about your health. You have to realize that a healthy body will enable you to work more and thus earn more. If you continue getting sick, you will miss more days at work and you will make less money. That is why no matter how you save, you must not totally forget about your health.

A good way to stay in tiptop shape is through colon cleansing and it can be done through the use of home made colon cleanse products which is more cheaper.

a homemade colon cleanse makes use of regular kitchen ingredients in order to make a powerful, effective yet natural colon cleanser. homemade colon cleanse is much affordable then those other colon cleansing options. the simplest form of homemade colon cleanse is diet modification. For example, if you are used to eating meat at all times, you might want to change that by adding high fiber foods in your daily meals along with increasingadding toWhen making homemade colon cleanse, use only high quality ingredients. Use a homemade colon cleanse product today.

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Acai Fruit Juice Can Substitute Coffee

We all have our own dailyactivity. There are those individuals who drink coffee in the morning while there are also individuals who prefer to drink soda at the start of their day. Both practices can be harmless especially if done in moderation; however when either is taken in overindulgence the result might not be that healthy. Taking too much coffee can cause people to become overactive which leads them to miss out on much needed sleep, it is similar to when you take sodas because it also contains caffeine. On the other hand, if you really want to be healthy then you might want to begin your day with acai fruit juice.

Acai fruit juice is similar to any juice that we drink daily, but acai fruit juice is packed with more vitamins and minerals and antioxidants. The acai fruit juice is known to contain high levels of Vitamin C, which helps keep our immune system strong; calcium which helps keep our bones strong; amino acids which are the building blocks of protein essential in muscle building. Sipping acai fruit juice each day is indeed a great way to keep us healthy and also give us the energy we need throughout the day.

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Importance of Pet Odor Removal

Most of us own a pet or two at home. We often consider pets as members of the family. At times pets are seen as children. We feed these pets, groom them, play with them and even talk to them. These pets become a major part of our lives. We look forward to going home because we know that these lovable pets are waiting for us. However, owning a pet is more than just having a pet because since these pets are incapable of thinking the way we think we will have to think for them and we will have to be responsible for them.

These pets are not capable of really cleaning themselves which means that though they lick their paws and the likes it is still not the same as bathing. In addition, these pets dont wash their behinds after they move their bowels so sometimes bits of excreta tend to stick on their fur other than that urinating in carpets are the what our pets love to do. If left alone these can cause foul pet odors when this happens removing pet odor becomes essential.

Removing pet odor keeps pet odor from becoming intolerable and disgusting. Poor pet bonding can result from pet odor. That is why, we should prepare a good pet odor removal plan.

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Healthy weight loss needs to become a way of life.

Many people cringe when they think about “dieting” for a life time. But irregardless, you’re always on a diet. Does your diet consist of tacos with sour cream and cheese sauce, or does your diet consist of a bowl filled with fresh strawberries, and a bowl of smooth creamy cold yogurt. Both can be part of your daily diet, just one leads to a healthy body, with quick weight loss, and more energy, while the other leads to clogged arteries, weight gain, and lack of energy. I know I prefer to feel energetic and alive, rather than feeling the afternoon energy slump as my body tries to process a belly full of fat and sugars.

While not everyone needs rapid weight loss, everyone has a need for healthy eating tips and a healthy diet program. By taking control of our food choices, we cannot only control our weight more effectively, but also decrease our incidence of high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and a whole list of additional medical conditions we all want to avoid.

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No More Health Problems with Acai Extract

The world may be undergoingan economic slowdown but that doesnt mean that we should turn put aside our health. We have to realize that in order for us to survive this crisis we must stay healthy as much as possible. We do not want to add to our economic woes in the household by adding health care expenses to the growing list.

To stay healthy and prevent sick the most effective way is through taking supplements that are loaded with acai extract. Most acai products contain acai extract, so it is not a wonder why an increasing number of people are using it.

The acai extract is the secret behind the success of these acai products. This extract comes from acai berries which are popularly known as a superfood because of the many health benefits we can get from it. The acai extract are concentrated so you are assured that you are getting the same level of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals and that you will still benefit from it. The acai extract are then infused into the tablets and juices in most acai products that are often sold in the market. Such change is responsible for more and more people are gaining access to the acai products.

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How fast is realistic weight loss?

Not only does the diet restrict calories, and types of foods, it also wants you to drink coffee or tea at every meal, and only 4 cups of water beyond that to lose weight fast and easy. To me that that does not sound like a healthy diet program. Number one, I drink much more water than that every day. I need more water than that. Number 2, I try to avoid caffeine when possible. So, I wouldn’t think this is the best way to lose weight fast. I don’t need caffeine to fuel my body.

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Medicare program; conditions for payment of power mobility devices, including power wheelchairs and power-operated vehicles. Final rule

This final rule conforms our regulations to section 302(a)(2)(E)(iv) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. This rule defines the term power mobility devices (PMDs) as power wheelchairs and medical scooters power operated vehicles (POVs or scooters). It sets forth revised conditions for Medicare payment of PMDs and defines who may prescribe PMDs. This rule also requires a face-to-face examination of the beneficiary by the physician or treating practitioner, a written prescription, and receipt of pertinent parts of the medical record by the supplier within 45 days after the face-to-face examination that the durable medical equipment suppliers maintain in their records and make available to CMS or its agents upon request. Finally, this rule discusses CMS’ policy on documentation that may be requested by CMS or its agents to support a Medicare claim for payment, as well as the elimination of the Certificate of Medical Necessity (CMN) for PMDs.

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BBQ FACTS: Leftovers

Refrigerate any barbeque sauce recipe leftovers promptly in shallow containers. Discard any barbecue sauce recipes food left out more than 2 hours (1 hour if temperatures are above 90 F).

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Reliability and validity of the power-mobility community driving assessment

The Power-Mobility Community Driving Assessment (PCDA) is a performance-based measure designed to assess driving performance of individuals using power wheelchairs or handicap scooters in community environments. This article reports the results of pilot testing and an evaluation of the assessment’s reliability and validity. Pilot testing was conducted with a random selection of Canadian occupational therapists working in the area of mobility. Although the response rate was very low, feedback confirmed the utility of the measure and contributed to one substantive scoring revision. Reliability and validity testing was conducted with a sample of 34 drivers. Internal consistency results were positive. Interrater reliability was fair to high but limited by the lack of variability in the scores. Construct validity hypotheses were tested on the relationships between PCDA scores and vision, perception, cognition, and environmental accessibility. Results indicated no relationships between the PCDA and perceptual and cognitive function and only a weak trend for a relationship with environmental accessibility. Concurrent validity was established: PCDA scores were positively associated with the judgments of therapists familiar with the driving performance of participants. In summary, the PCDA has moderate to good reliability, and content and concurrent validity results were found. More research is needed, particularly on the underlying constructs of successful driving performance. At this point, rehabilitation professionals and their clients are urged to use this assessment to establish driving performance rather than relying on assessments of perception, cognition, or environmental accessibility to predetermine whether someone will receive power mobility. Clinicians may find this a useful tool to identify where clients are able to drive safely in community settings, to identify specific learning needs, and, through those, to promote independent living for drivers of power-mobility devices.

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Epidemiology of Medicare abuse: the example of power wheelchairs

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of neighborhood ethnic composition on power wheelchairs prescriptions. DESIGN: The 5% noncancer sample of Medicare recipients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database, from 1994 to 2001. SETTING: SEER regions. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals covered by Medicare living in SEER regions without a cancer diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS: Individual characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, justifying diagnosis, and comorbidity), primary diagnoses, neighborhood characteristics (percentage black, percentage Hispanic, percentage with <12 years education, and median income), and SEER region. RESULTS: The rate of power wheelchair prescriptions was 33 times greater in 2001 than in 1994, with a shift over time from justifying diagnoses more closely tied to mobility impairment, such as strokes, to less-specific medical diagnoses, such as osteoarthritis. In multilevel, multivariate analyses, individuals living in neighborhoods with higher percentages of blacks or Hispanics were more likely to receive power wheelchairs (odds ratios=1.09 for each 10% increase in black residents and 1.23 for each 10% increase in Hispanic residents) after controlling for ethnicity and other characteristics at the individual level. CONCLUSION: These results support allegations that marketers promoting power wheelchairs and handicap scooters have specifically targeted minority neighborhoods.

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The ANSI/RESNA wheelchair standards: sample evaluation and guide to interpreting test data for prescribing power wheelchairs

This study is a joint project of ECRI and the National Rehabilitation Hospital, supported by a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR, U.S. Department of Education, Agreement No. H133E80016). ECRI is the first independent laboratory to test power wheelchairs and medicare power wheelchairs according to the standards of the Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America (RESNA), now known as the Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology (AART); these standards will ultimately be distributed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). We tested 10 power wheelchairs, which are similar in size and configuration, from seven manufacturers; all units are intended for adult use. Our testing showed that none of the sample wheelchairs are ideal for all environments in which these devices are typically needed. Each unit has advantages that should be carefully considered when specifying a power wheelchair. Numerous factors are involved in prescribing power wheelchairs, and learning the subtle differences in features and performance of a particular model and how they will affect the user is difficult. In addition, acquiring objective information about power wheelchairs from manufacturers is not typically easy. Considering these factors, and because the standards on which we based our testing do not generally provide criteria for passing or failing models under test, we did not rate the units. The purpose of this article is to present the data collected in our study, using wheelchair performance characteristics based on some parts of the ANSI/RESNA wheelchair standards, as an example of what prescribers can expect to receive from manufacturers and to provide guidance in interpreting and applying the data in writing power wheelchair prescriptions. Thus, this article provides an overview of the types of problems faced by those who specify power wheelchairs for users, the problems faced by the users themselves, and the components that are most susceptible to damage during use.

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The Hephaestus Smart Wheelchair System

The Hephaestus Smart Wheelchair System is envisioned as a series of components that clinicians and wheelchair manufacturers will be able to attach to standard power wheelchairs to convert them into “smart wheelchairs.” A prototype of the system has been developed and mounted on an Everest and Jennings Lancer2000 wheelchair. The prototype bases its navigation assistance behavior on the behavior developed for the NavChair Assistive Wheelchair Navigation System, but the underlying hardware and software are being designed to facilitate commercialization. This paper describes our design goals for the Hephaestus system and discusses the current status of the system prototype as well as plans for future work for medical scooters.

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Characterization of power wheelchair use in the home and community

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the use of power wheelchairs and handicap scooters to determine if multiple measures of mobility and occupancy jointly provide a more comprehensive picture of wheelchair usage and daily activity in full-time power wheelchair users than daily distance alone. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Subjects’ everyday mobility was measured in their homes and communities for 2 weeks, and prompted recall interviews were conducted by phone. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample (N=25) of nonambulatory, full-time power wheelchair users. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wheelchair usage was logged electronically, and geolocation and interview data were used to isolate chair use to (1) in the home, (2) not in the home indoors, or (3) outdoors. Distance wheeled, time spent wheeling, number of bouts, time spent in the wheelchair, and the percentage of time in the wheelchair spent wheeling were measured to describe wheelchair use. RESULTS: The median wheelchair user spent 10.6 hours (range, 5.0-16.6h) in his/her wheelchair daily and wheeled 1.085 km (range, 0.238-10.585 km) over 58 minutes (range, 16-173 min) and 110 bouts (range, 36-282 bouts). Wheelchair use varied across subjects, within subjects from day to day, and between environments. Mobility bouts outdoors were longer and faster than those wheeled indoors. In a regression analysis, distance wheeled explained only 33% of the variation in the number of bouts and 75% in the time spent wheeling. CONCLUSIONS: Power wheelchair use varies widely both within and between users. Measuring distance, time, and number of bouts provides a clearer picture of mobility patterns than measuring distance alone, whereas occupancy helps to measure wheelchair function in daily activities.

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Perceptions of power mobility use and safety within residential facilities

BACKGROUND: power wheelchairs and medical scooters enhance quality of life by enabling occupation, improving self-esteem and facilitating social interaction. Despite these benefits, the risks associated with power mobility use raise serious concerns in residential facilities. PURPOSE: As there is no gold standard to assess when a client is unsafe, a two-phase study was conducted to develop client-centred guidelines for power mobility use. METHOD: In the first phase of the study, presented here, 18 in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with a variety of stakeholders, including power mobility users, other residents, staff and family members. RESULTS: A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four main themes: 1) the meaning of power mobility, 2) learning the rules of the road, 3) red flags: concerns about safety, and 4) solutions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Given the importance of power mobility, safety measures need to address issues of mobility and safety for power mobility drivers and those around them.

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Real-time head movement system and embedded Linux implementation for the control of power wheelchairs

medicare power wheelchairs has become very important for our quality of life. A loss of mobility due to an injury is usually accompanied by a loss of self-confidence. For many individuals, independent mobility is an important aspect of self-esteem. Head movement is a natural form of pointing and can be used to directly replace the joystick whilst still allowing for similar control. Through the use of embedded LINUX and artificial intelligence, a hands-free head movement wheelchair controller has been designed and implemented successfully. This system provides for severely disabled users an effective power wheelchairs control method with improved posture, ease of use and attractiveness.

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